Introduction
Decision making depends on the rationality of human beings. Decision outcome relies on mass political behavior and the established decisions by leaders in the policy arena, and it may mirror the exact preferences of choice makers however conduct, and effect have shown a dramatic change in the type of decision. Thus, there exists a productive relationship between psychology and political behavior. Comprehending the connection between psychology and political decision making is vital to avoid violence. Political violence is associated with a range of psychological outcomes, such as anxiety or depression. The political and social contexts of individual’s live provide extensive protection from the mental health impacts of political violence. Thus, the two elements are significant for rational decision making as individuals apply psychology as a substantial lens in construing politics. It is crucial to address the inter-reliant connection observed from various settings, which further enhances the information process, socialization, attitude establishment, and learning strategies. The political, psychological approach is essential for understanding the extent to which individuals are decision-makers. In this case, the aspect sufficiently addresses the different methods exercised in the process of decision-making comprising violence, ethnic, policymaking, and political extremism. The specified principles must efficiently incorporate social explanations and political dynamism. Human beings should include the outcome, dynamics, and basics of radical behavior. Therefore, the assumption of all humans is much alike in terms of decision-making processes is helpful in understanding and explaining political violence.
The nature of individuals is much reliant on political prejudices and structures of heuristics. Hence heuristics make political decision making rational. It is vital to comprehend that in modern society, most people, mainly the citizens, do not possess sufficient acquaintance about political intricacies comprising a decision making. Thus, the concept of changing the ideas and positions molds the political approaches. Since political violence acts as a vital encounter in society, it is substantial to comprehend that it directly prevents the expressions of opinions, which may create an irrational decision. Heuristics offer a way out since they facilitate citizens to make political views from a low-information setting. Thus, it is one significant element in political psychology and plays a vital part in condemnatory shortcuts. Rational decisions depend on the heuristics, which assist humans in concentrating on narrowing the connection between the ideal choices and accessible data. Also, when individuals rely on heuristics, they possess the ability to directly resolve the discrepancy of information, which depends on mental features. Hence the capability of human beings to determine their choices about new strategies which highly depends on the difficulty of the problem. Deservingness heuristic is another vital element that sufficiently enhances the indulgence and determination of rational decisions and depends on mental perceptions (Jensen and Michael 70). It directly relates to the decrease in decision making complexity based on the policies and welfare, which affects the citizens. The deservingness heuristic aspect promotes the ethical of the recipient as it determines the mental factors of the politicians. Also, its notion is a significant element in the rational determination of choice as it concentrates on the capability of a person to practice the analytical processes in decision making in selecting the most effective decisions. In this case, it is vital to acknowledge that through the dependence of deservingness heuristic that each person makes a decisive idea according to the most suitable concept.
Similarly, it is substantial to understand that no individual was born with the capability to create excellent rational decisions, however through psychological factors such as deservingness heuristic, which enhances the development of political views in making suitable decisions. Also, choices that are related to values and interests are impeccably integrated, which further enhances the making of proper arrangements that are unique and rational. It is applicable for individuals to concentrate on specific issues and methods that support their well-being without resulting in negative or minimal consequences. Besides, it is essential to frequently make decisions on particular matters as choices can have several insinuations on the future outcomes of humans. Individuals continuously want to create clear and sensible judgments to guarantee rational and competent decisions to attain positive results which support the prospects of the decision-maker.
Political Choice and Prudence
Additionally, it is substantial to analyze what constitutes political choice and prudence. For instance, in the social sciences, prospect theory is the most dominant behavioral theory. The rational is not depends on what level an individual is sustainably conversant but through the emphasis on their choice ability. A research conducted on the classical theory recognized that numerous politicians do not establish logical choices based on individual interest but concentrate on the world’s losses. Thus, the establishment of decisions depends on the ability to incorporate inclinations of the citizens to guarantee they achieve political benefit. Also, the governments choose to commit violence against their citizens according to the operation of the domain gain. The outcome is that different governments will react to similar kinds of threats with distinct levels of violence according to the domain. However, it is significant to comprehend that individuals make rational decisions but influenced by diverse elements such as prospect ideologies. The intuitive sense of politics proposes that nations have a high possibility of sharing a status quo bias (Straus 550. States seem to establish more significant determinations to preserve the status quo against a vulnerable loss than to advance their position by a similar amount. The element of utility directly relates to the political decision as it incorporates in political psychology. Besides, if there reappears a case of domestic, political establishments of decision-makers, the utility aspect could explain the underlying inclination for internal publics. It could respond more strongly to economic or strategic losses than to similar benefits and to rebuke their representatives more for the former than to incentive them for the latter. Also, status quo bias and loss aversion would still affect, but through their impact on public opinion and not directly to the political leaders.
Prospect theory is thus beneficial in offering an illustration of the systematic and predictable methods in which inclinations towards risk can influence the aspects of exogenous to the performer. It compiles a more understanding of the insights and uncertainty of performers and their subsequent impact. Therefore, individuals could see Prospect Theory as an extension or complement to Bounded Rationality in that it has the same assumptions, which include self-interest motivation and imperfect information. However, it develops on the base aspect of utility calculation by explaining different methods in which the brain can manipulate. Thus, as a result of these advances provided by the Prospect model, its use can hence facilitate forecasting behavior in the case of violence. Also, it assists in enhancing strategies for handling with performers. At the same time, there is ongoing violence in politics. In this case, politicians can use it can to manipulate how a performer observes his/her condition and, therefore, how they will respond. The theory not only improves our understanding of how rational humans act most of the time by attaching layers to the sensible choice of parsimonious approach, but this layering does not diminish from its analytical or constant nature. It is the irrational heuristics that Prospect Theory illustrates, such as averseness of risk are nevertheless still efficient and therefore probable. According to the component concerning individuals, rationality plays a pivotal responsibility in the concentration on associated psychological factors such as political sciences. Hence, Prospect Theory can greatly facilitate not only the comprehension of political violence but also to producing strategies for manipulating crises and preventing such conditions in the future.
Rational Theory
Moreover, individuals apply rational theory in the description of politicians and performance. It is vital to note that excellent decision depends on the oppositions directed to the rationality a sign that individuals make sensible choices based on different directives. Also, researchers argue that from the human perspective, there exist incorporations of emotions that relate to the decision making and must sufficiently address all aspects (Hindess 5). Hence, to justify that individuals are rational decision determinants, the existing objections to subjective decisions link to the maximization of several doctrines, which associates with a motivational element. Therefore, decision making incorporates cognitive psychology, the main factor of political psychology. The human rationality bond integrates into computational abilities and memory. Importantly, the experimental analysis and choice profoundly address the connection between humans and their competences to establish rational decisions (Kronfeldner 628). For instance, assuming self-interest empirically builds on the aspect of human nature, the theory of logical choice supports and preserves a political life that is adversative to essential doctrines of the normative democracy model. The approach provides an incoherent responsibility of citizenship and generates a political system that displays a continuous bias against political transformation and search of the public interest. Therefore, it is crucial to fundamentally contrast rational choice theory and psychological analysis, which include political candidates.
The choice theory has been extensively used by researchers to discover and understand the ideal of social and economic behaviors. The theory suggests that the comprehensive social action prevailing in a particular society will play a pivotal responsibility in establishing the conduct of each person. A perspective of injustice comprises powerful desires that have an impact on enhancing the demand stridency, increasing inflexibility, the likelihood of violent behavior, and willingness to run risks (Beiner 8). The rational choice model assumes that extreme political violence can be illustrated either due to the commitment issues or as the utility-maximizing approach of predatory elites. Violence leads to emotionally determined symbolic politics founded on those myths that popularize predatory strategies. The theory has further identified several challenges that come into play when establishing such decisions. To a significant degree, deductive reasoning from the theory rudimentary assumes rationality alternates for a higher contract of costly empirical analysis. For example, the approach shows that the decision-maker will undoubtedly concentrate on the gains of the cost and preferences. The public choice theory uses the elementary neoclassical economics assumptions about the nature of human rationality and utilizes them to the illustration and forecast of behavior in the political field. Thus, from these components, it is essential to note that people are rational decision determinants as there exists a compelling illustration of distinguishing between logical decisions and descriptive theories.
