Introduction
There has been an extraordinary number of mature refugee persons seeking educational services joining the ESL lessons, and most of them are those that have escaped war-torn states and have experienced long periods in refugee camps. Study about health and psychology has presented a high degree of depression, posttraumatic stress, and anxiety amongst the refugees. Narrowing down to the ethnographic study together with Laotian refugee women who underwent through pre-settlement disturbance in the times of the occurrence of Vietnam conflict and interrogations that took place with the bilingual mental health specialists, the research is going to analyze the recent second language acquisition aspects to include ways in which they elucidate the impacts that are spearheaded by trauma on the second language education. The document brings out cross-cultural views with regards to the effects of trauma on education and prescriptions for dealing with the mature refugee education seekers who have undergone trauma. The expected results have implications for ESL tutors and second language analyzers with the effect of resettlement knowledge on second language learning and the requirements for the instructions in the learning areas.
Literature Review
As of 1975, there has been a permanent settlement of over two million refugees in the United States. During the early 1980s, most of the refugees emerged from Latin America, the Caribbean, and Southeast Asia. Later in early 1990, refugees migrated to the United States from the states which were undergoing conflicts like Somalia, Burundi, Sudan, Afghanistan, Bosnia, and Iraq (Mahmood, et al. 2019). There have been traces of greater depression, PTSD, anxiety, and drug abuse rates based on the psychological analysis within the refugee populations (Hadfield, Ostrowski, & Ungar, 2017). An analysis conducted by Hendrickx et al. (2020), a case study of Cambodians existing in Australia, had a result that approximately 90% of the individuals involved had undergone symptoms linked to depression and PTSD. Most of the individuals who took part in the analysis had undergone through situations which had a direct impact on their education and cognitive task, with memory loss, poor concentration, and headaches ate 55%, 60%, and 70% respectively (Mahmood, et al. 2019). An analysis of Vietnam veterans together with combat like PTSD showed how they yielded very poor outcomes on the tests which were conducted for short term period remembrance, and long term period as compared to the individuals who were free from PTSD (Ibrahim, & Hassan, 2017). Based on the reports provided by the anecdotal and instructor reports, there are shreds of evidence of the effects of trauma on education. According to Hadfield, Ostrowski, & Ungar, (2017), there are numerous effects of war on mature learners, even though it portrays the degree of domestic and sexual conflict on female education, his work majorly narrows down on native English speakers and talks less on the analysis of language acquisition (Mahmood, et al. 2019).
A few analysis have categorically narrowed down the effect of trauma on the grown up ESL learners (Ibrahim, & Hassan, 2017). A case of the Vietnamese gentleman who underwent anxiety, numerous nightmares, and headaches presented by Hendrickx et al. (2020), was directed for treatment by his physician as he had severally complained about very low concentration, which prevented him from joining the ESL lesson. Mahmood, et al. (2019), presents the challenges that are related to low motivation, increased anxiety levels, and reluctance to get involved through word of mouth within the grown-up refugee learners who have survived from trauma. Hendrickx et al. (2020) have it that the symptoms that are related to trauma like failure to concentrate, memory challenges, and dissociation challenges impacted cognitive tasks and hindered education amongst the grown-up refugees in Canada. The analyses that are considered to be comprehensive with regards to the effect of trauma on language acquisition were presented by Mahmood, et al. (2019). It was presented by the researchers that the refugees who presented very extensive PTSD symptoms were able to acquire a second language at a very poor rate.
Research Questions
Research Question 1
Which are the factors that are similar to that of Syrian refugee grown-ups' language and literacy advancement?
Research Question 2
What exists within-language contributions with regards to phonological, morphological awareness, together with English reading techniques within Syrian refugee grown-ups?
Research question 3
What are the cross-language impacts of vocabulary, phonological, and morphological awareness and English word terminology technique among Syrian refugee grown-ups?
Research Methodology
Initially, I had involved in the Laotian refugee community during the past times when I had to voluntarily help them in their ESL lessons for the grownups who belonged to Southeast Asians. Besides, I had implemented an ethnographic study project which would last for about three years and it revolved around the Laotian refugee camp. The initial phases of data collection occurred in urban, the employed group Lao American group in Laos as section of project which dealt with the second language socialization amongst the females (Hadfield, Ostrowski, & Ungar, 2017). Therefore, this analysis would present data that will be collected majorly via practitioner analysis done annually on ESL class for the grownups from Laotians who are present in Philadelphia. The study will provide the vignettes of the learners, whose life and education seemed to behave had been greatly impacted by the traumatic pre-settlement aspects. The vignettes will perform the task of availing the ethnographic account of several aspects, which comprises of pre-settlement trauma, impacted the educational progress of these learners. I would also conduct not less than two official interrogative discussions with every participant, majoring on the pre-settlement factors and their progressions of second language acquisition in the United States.
Besides, I would also carry out a greater participant overview with the main participants, taking ample time with them in their areas of residence, at the places of worship in Lao Temple, and their areas of work. These participants with which their vignettes will be presented in the analysis originated from a poor income Philadelphia area which has most of its population covered by Laotian, African American, and Cambodian. They all have all their ethnicity from Lao and immigrated into the United States as mature individuals a period after the mid-1980s, after living in refugee camps in the Philippines and Thailand for a period greater than three years. When the analysis will be conducted, the main participants will be ranging from their late thirty to forty years, and all of them will be married and perhaps would be already bearing some children. By this time, there will be possibilities that the participants may have had some official education while in Laos; and some of them even before the study, have had literacy in their native language, which impacted the learning of English literacy. These individuals are employed in the United States to perform non-union factory tasks, with which they have minimum contact with the native speakers of the English language.
However, their listed objectives for acquiring the English language is to acquire United States citizenship and to be in a position of applying English during times like interactions with students and doctors. As I will be preparing to carry out this research, I will have to interrogate bilingual mental health specialists who are native speakers of either Vietnamese, Khmer, or Lao. During 1990, some people came across the Southeast Asian Mental Health program to help in the needs of greater numbers of refugees accessing the area, and most of them have been employed as service coordinators in the field as from the inception period of the program. The other individuals may be social workers employed by the Cambodian clients in the event, and others are a therapist with intercultural family duties who majorly operates with the Southeast Asian customers who have managed to successfully come out of the traumatic situations.
Plan of Work
For the study objectives to be attained, the following work plan will be adhered to facilitate the success of the project;
There will be a critical review of analysis task review of literature: a proper review of data models and the continuing analysis task with regards to the Trauma and Second Language Learning among the Refugees in Syria, and this can only be arrived at by going through relevant articles presented in the last 5 years.
Analysis of the methodologies that will be applied during the research process: there will be a systematic analysis of the methods of the data collection techniques that will be used to facilitate success in the data collection.
Analysis of the proposed techniques: there will be an evaluation of the proposed techniques through several procedures.
Conclusion: with regards to the outcome, there will be a generation of conclusion. s
Expected Results
Once the bilingual mental health specialists are who are closely attached to the Southeast Asian trauma conquers are interrogated, they will provide a supervisory duty to the cultural views impacting ways in which the Southeast Asian customers go through the traumatic activities. As the primary emotions going together with the traumatic events are felt overall, study with refugee trauma conquers originating from various cultures would present the extent to which culture impacts the conceptualization of culture, the presentation of strong emotions, and how persons succeed during their grief periods (Hadfield, Ostrowski, & Ungar, 2017).
Mental Health Stigma
Any of the mental health specialists which will be interrogated, it is clear that they will outline the fact that even though they have helped several individuals who have been suffering from PTSD, depression, anxiety, mental health challenges have been greatly hindered in Southeast Asian culture. Some of the clients are worried that other individuals from the nearby refugee camp would notice the mental health challenges they are undergoing and such would have a negative reflection on their families. Based on the way of living displayed by the Southeast Asian individuals, the mental health challenges are considered to be passed on from one generation to another, and therefore, accepting the challenge ruins the image of the family (Hendrickx et al. 2020). Besides, refugees may also be worried about
